Record Information
Version1.0
Creation Date2016-09-30 22:19:49 UTC
Update Date2020-06-04 21:34:49 UTC
MCDB ID BMDB0000122
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • BMDB00122
Metabolite Identification
Common NameD-Glucose
DescriptionD-Glucose, also known as D-GLC or cerelose, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. D-Glucose exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. D-Glucose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In cattle, D-glucose is involved in the metabolic pathway called the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. D-Glucose is a potentially toxic compound. D-Glucose has been found to be associated with several diseases known as hypoglycemia, familial neonatal, donohue syndrome, and pregnancy; also d-glucose has been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including 3-methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria and growth hormone deficiency.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
D-GLCChEBI
D-GLCPChEBI
DextroseChEBI
GLC-OHChEBI
GlucoseChEBI
Grape sugarChEBI
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/ChEBI
Purified glucoseKegg
D-GlucopyranoseKegg
Roferose STHMDB
(+)-GlucoseHMDB
Anhydrous dextroseHMDB, MeSH
CereloseHMDB
Cerelose 2001HMDB
Clearsweet 95HMDB
Clintose LHMDB
Corn sugarHMDB
CPC HydrateHMDB
D(+)-GlucoseHMDB
DextropurHMDB
DextrosolHMDB
GlucodinHMDB
GlucolinHMDB
GoldsugarHMDB
MeritoseHMDB
Staleydex 111HMDB
Staleydex 95mHMDB
Tabfine 097(HS)HMDB
VadexHMDB
D GlucoseMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (DL)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (L)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (beta-D)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
Glucose monohydrateMeSH, HMDB
Glucose, (alpha-D)-isomerMeSH, HMDB
L GlucoseMeSH, HMDB
L-GlucoseMeSH, HMDB
Dextrose, anhydrousMeSH, HMDB
Monohydrate, glucoseMeSH, HMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H12O6
Average Molecular Weight180.1559
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight180.063388116
IUPAC Name(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional Nameglucose
CAS Registry Number50-99-7
SMILES
[H]C1(O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
InChI KeyWQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentHexoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point146 - 150 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1200 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-3.24SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-2.9ChemAxon
logS0.64ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area110.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity35.92 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.37 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)splash10-00kb-1931000000-ec21c3af97621f7bf95a2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS)splash10-0fr2-1920000000-f53c5f0d5ad84d32679f2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS; 1 MEOX)splash10-00di-9821000000-dbc697213e3b7cc9d4fe2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (5 TMS; 1 MEOX)splash10-00di-9621000000-9d1d8057758d3da8caca2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS)splash10-014i-2490000000-3ed4c4fd34c05bad95f72014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)splash10-066r-1952000000-3378cb724e551e8b02672014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-0udl-0690000000-c8fda4276ff69235f30d2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)splash10-0ldi-1942000000-5d531ed23a4e82023d1c2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS)splash10-0udi-0790000000-7ebe75cd633c58d761fa2014-06-16View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00kb-1931000000-ec21c3af97621f7bf95a2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-0fr2-1920000000-f53c5f0d5ad84d32679f2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9821000000-dbc697213e3b7cc9d4fe2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-9621000000-9d1d8057758d3da8caca2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-014i-2490000000-3ed4c4fd34c05bad95f72017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-066r-1952000000-3378cb724e551e8b02672017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udl-0690000000-c8fda4276ff69235f30d2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0ldi-1942000000-5d531ed23a4e82023d1c2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-0udi-0790000000-7ebe75cd633c58d761fa2017-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0np0-9700000000-e8d638dc817e46b97d7b2016-09-22View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-6122690000-eaf6f7adf34ccd0c667b2017-10-06View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0002-9300000000-839f41cf94a071fcdb372012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-0002-9000000000-807f75d14f3d0b66f5bd2012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, N/A (Annotated)splash10-000t-9000000000-b89668f86992a83636642012-07-24View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-000i-7900000000-9a673c2e4b82ca3974212012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4r-9100000000-b70415588e768ddce5ef2012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-73dc84dd88d8ae69fe022012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-ba39d4ed9431a1d01eab2012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-a61efd1469735758b3172012-08-31View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-000i-7900000000-9a673c2e4b82ca3974212017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4r-9100000000-9c25b149885d8a48aab52017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-76d92ea96364c24ecfb02017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-ba39d4ed9431a1d01eab2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-a61efd1469735758b3172017-09-14View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01q9-0900000000-b0bc47623e7b2ca31c022016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03ea-3900000000-648e1637af29cf2a35182016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0007-9200000000-9e6f46a1cbf52d6e347a2016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-004i-2900000000-a4ec4f0b1e29e360a9522016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01t9-6900000000-7b3ea9c64ecc8d4ac8672016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-9100000000-ec2bf4918640a0a363982016-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-1900000000-6e953691e4c61d5123d92021-10-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000j-9200000000-42768e14d42bd5ebe7852021-10-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-08ov-9000000000-ee9eba654c17ccffa05f2021-10-21View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a6r-9700000000-b92609de9f7db41f6d8f2021-10-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9100000000-31314220c313e74431712021-10-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-2a9c77b5036ec23fe0d42021-10-22View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not Available2012-12-04View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not Available2012-12-04View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Not Available2012-12-04View Spectrum
Concentrations
StatusValueReferenceDetails
Detected and Quantified376 uM details
Detected and Quantified723 uM details
Detected and Quantified540 uM details
Detected and Quantified548 uM details
Detected and Quantified1137 uM details
Detected and Quantified1188 uM details
Detected and Quantified76 - 662 uM details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable
  • Kurt J. Boudonck,...
details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable details
Detected and Quantified63 uM details
Detected but not QuantifiedNot Applicable
  • Kurt J. Boudonck,...
details
Detected and Quantified288 +/- 32 uM details
Detected and Quantified261 +/- 29 uM details
Detected and Quantified235 +/- 49 uM details
Detected and Quantified250 +/- 41 uM details
Detected and Quantified340 +/- 66 uM details
Detected and Quantified387 +/- 91 uM details
Detected and Quantified331 +/- 84 uM details
Detected and Quantified277 (122-422) uM
  • Esperanza Troyano...
details
Detected and Quantified80-150 uM
  • Faulkner, A., Cha...
details
Detected and Quantified932 +/- 68 uM
  • RAJAN SHARMA YUDH...
details
Detected and Quantified140 +/- 4 uM
  • Tommaso R.I. Cata...
details
Detected and Quantified250 +/- 41 uM details
Detected and Quantified288 +/- 32 uM details
Detected and Quantified261 +/- 29 uM details
Detected and Quantified235 +/- 49 uM details
HMDB IDHMDB0304632
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB093715
KNApSAcK IDC00001122
Chemspider ID5589
KEGG Compound IDC00031
BioCyc IDD-Glucose
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGlucose
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5793
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID4167
References
Synthesis ReferenceLi, Dalin; Ruan, Yi; Song, Wen; Wang, Yongjun. Improved process for producing glucose. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2003), 4 pp
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Faulkner A, Pollock HT: Changes in the concentration of metabolites in milk from cows fed on diets supplemented with soyabean oil or fatty acids. J Dairy Res. 1989 May;56(2):179-83. [PubMed:2760296 ]
  2. Hurtaud C, Rulquin H, Verite R: Effects of graded duodenal infusions of glucose on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. 1. Diets based on corn silage. J Dairy Sci. 1998 Dec;81(12):3239-47. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75888-6. [PubMed:9891269 ]
  3. Hurtaud C, Lemosquet S, Rulquin H: Effect of graded duodenal infusions of glucose on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. 2. Diets based on grass silage. J Dairy Sci. 2000 Dec;83(12):2952-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75195-2. [PubMed:11132867 ]
  4. Lehloenya KV, Stein DR, Allen DT, Selk GE, Jones DA, Aleman MM, Rehberger TG, Mertz KJ, Spicer LJ: Effects of feeding yeast and propionibacteria to dairy cows on milk yield and components, and reproduction*. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2008 Apr;92(2):190-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00726.x. [PubMed:18336416 ]
  5. Klein MS, Almstetter MF, Schlamberger G, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Meyer HH, Wiedemann S, Gronwald W: Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry-based milk metabolomics in dairy cows during early and late lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2010 Apr;93(4):1539-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2563. [PubMed:20338431 ]
  6. Jensen RG: The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J Dairy Sci. 2002 Feb;85(2):295-350. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74079-4. [PubMed:11913692 ]
  7. Buitenhuis AJ, Sundekilde UK, Poulsen NA, Bertram HC, Larsen LB, Sorensen P: Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of quantitative trait loci for metabolites in Danish Holstein milk. J Dairy Sci. 2013 May;96(5):3285-95. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5914. Epub 2013 Mar 15. [PubMed:23497994 ]
  8. Scano P, Murgia A, Pirisi FM, Caboni P: A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach for the characterization of goat milk compared with cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2014 Oct;97(10):6057-66. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8247. Epub 2014 Aug 6. [PubMed:25108860 ]
  9. O'Callaghan TF, Vazquez-Fresno R, Serra-Cayuela A, Dong E, Mandal R, Hennessy D, McAuliffe S, Dillon P, Wishart DS, Stanton C, Ross RP: Pasture Feeding Changes the Bovine Rumen and Milk Metabolome. Metabolites. 2018 Apr 6;8(2). pii: metabo8020027. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020027. [PubMed:29642378 ]
  10. Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals (2009). Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386. Metabolomics.
  11. A. Foroutan et al. (2019). A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.